Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation

Continuous and comprehensive evaluation Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is an education system newly introduced by Central Board of Secondary Education in India, for classes 9th and 10th. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation has been formulated by Education Minister, Kapil Sibal to decrease the accumulated stress of board exams on the students and to introduce a more uniform and comprehensive pattern in education for the children all over the nation. As a part of this new system, student's marks will be replaced by grades which will be evaluated through a series of other factors along with academics. The aim is to reduce the workload on students and to improve the overall skill and ability of the student by means of evaluation of other activities. Grades are awarded to students based on work experience skills, dexterity, innovation, steadiness, teamwork, public speaking, behaviour, etc. to evaluate and present an overall measure of the student's ability. This is supposed to help those students who are not good in academics but do well in other fields such as arts, humanities, sports, music, athletics, etc. Assessment is done through projects and internal assessments which will last the whole year. However, most students have not liked this particular change and have liked the old system better. The toppers, especially don't like this system as one who gets 92% and one who gets 98% get the same grade. Even parents have complained about this new change and have likened the old system over the new one. it has become a major cause of stress for the youth and is a burden for the students.

Female and Camille Paglia Men

In the article Rape: A Bigger Danger than Feminists Know by Camille Paglia talks about how rape cannot be tolerated in a society and how feminism has put young women in danger by hiding the truth about sex from them. Although rape has been a problem for women for a long time, there was a time where the penalty for rape was death. However in the article Rape: A Bigger Danger than Feminist Know by Camille Paglia states â€Å"In our cities, on our campuses far from home, young women are vulnerable and defenseless†. Camille Paglia insists that feminism states that both sexes are equal nd tells women they can act, and dress any way they want. However Camille Paglia argues â€Å"No, they can’t and women will always be in sexual danger† (Camille Paglia, pg 40). As we will all know there are sexual differences that are based in biology, but according to academic feminism men and women are equal. Although Camille Paglia states that academic feminism is lost in a fog of so cial constructionism. She believes that college man are their hormonal peak and that a drunk girl at a part with them is setting herself for failure and will possibly be raped.According to Camille Paglia men and women are different because for example one of Camille Paglia make students recently slept overnight at a Great Pyramid in Egypt. The student described the moon, and sand, etc. Camille Paglia points out that because she is a woman, she would never get to experience that because it is to dangerous. Camille Paglia can possibly get robed, raped, murdered, and many other possible horrible things. Camille Paglia goes on to talk about how sexual desire and arousal cannot be fully translated into verbal terms.She believed that sometimes men and women tend to misunderstand each other. For example sometimes when a male and a female are alone and they kiss, the female might just want to kiss and the male may misunderstand that thinking that she wants to have sex. These types of situat ion sometimes lead to rape unfortunately. According to Camille Paglia rape is a big danger and woman need to know the precautions the can take to be safer. Camille Paglia makes it clear for woman not to blow off a vulgar remark directed towards them.Camille Paglia stated that if a male student makes a vulgar remark about a female students breast, that the female student should deal with it on the spot Camille Paglia states to respond with the situation by saying â€Å"Shut up, you jerk! † She believes this is the best way to deal with it instead of running to your mom and dad or some campus grievance committee. Camille Paglia believes that female students that stick up for themselves are the students that are harassed less often. Currently there are many rapes that happen all over the world, however according o Camille Paglia there are two solutions. Camille Paglia claims that female self- awareness and self-control. Basically for example a woman’s number-one line of d efense against rape is herself. If females educate themselves to help avoid, bad situations leading to rape, this will in turn reduce the percentage of rapes. She believes reporting rapes to College Committees would do a woman injustice. Camille Paglia explains that woman should report their rapes to the police instead of College committees who are not equipped or trained

Managing organizational design and change Essay

Managing organizational design and change - Essay Example Persons must always come together to form an organization. A workable system and structure set up by more than two people forms an organization. (Fleming, 1989) describes it as a process of identifying and putting together the work to be performed, through definition and delegation of authority and responsibility, while establishing a relationship for the sole duty of ensuring that people work most effectively together in achieving set objectives. With systems and structures an organization is formed. This is by setting up of policies, rules, laws and chain management to run the whole set up structure. When a chain of management is put in place it is tasked with implementation of the set policies and rules. Policies form a critical phase in the running of the company. Leadership also forms a critical part in the running of an organization. With good and well governed leadership an organization is bound to excel and meet its targets and objectives. Lack of leadership and set policies and targets and organization will fail. This is an indication that an organisation is a group of people who have come together to work towards achieving a common goal guided by a given leadership. People with the same ideals, goals, and targets come together to form an organisation. The organisation is therefore tasked with the duty of achieving the set goals and target that have been made by various individuals. The leadership and management structure of any organisation is tasked with the duty of laying up structures and polices which ensures that an organisation is well run and organized. Organizations therefore implement the set policies and rules to ensure that their objectives are met. Organizations are formed to implement the policies and targets set up by the people who run it. Organizations can never be all the same. This is due to the varied nature of objectives of each organization. Depending on its objectives one organization will be

Middle school and their teachers views of mental health Essay

Middle school and their teachers views of mental health - Essay Example This paper presents a critique of the perceptions, views, perspectives, understanding and attitudes of middle school pupils and teachers on mental health. It highlights what they think or how they perceive mental health concept, positive mental health, negative mental health, psychological needs, and mental health problems in the adolescence years, the risk and resilience factors as well as the causes of mental health. The paper also presents a review of literature in regard to the teachers’ role in promoting students’ mental health, the risk and resilience factors and students mental health problems in secondary school as well as identifying these problems early. It also reviews studies about mental health education curriculum and programs designed and applied in school in order to promote students’ mental health especially fro middles schools in Australia, UK, Canada, Finland and the US, such as SEAL, LEAs and PATH among others. The pupils’ attitudes and perceptions of mental health are influenced by the beliefs of the public and the communities from which they come from regarding mental health. Children acquire the wrong information regarding the unworthy nature of people with mental health problems. Generally, members of the public and parents tend to isolate their children from people with undesirable symptoms of mental health thereby instilling a negative attitude in their children. It is therefore common for adolescents to come to school with pre-determined judgment regarding mental health. Dalton et al. (2007) argue that the negative attitudes instilled in the adolescents may become more intense as they grow to adulthood if measures are not taken to change their beliefs. These perceptions lead to low self-esteem and feelings of rejection. The adolescents usually view mental health problems as a disadvantage that hinders the affected peers from accomplishing the tasks that are assumed to be

Modern State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern State - Essay Example The concept and framework of the modern state is difficult to define because it involves a combination of historical, economic, political and cultural factors. Historical mythologies and memories are shared, traditional routes of pilgrimage have united the nations of the continent in common religious bonds throughout history, and now they all share the same market (Morphet 517). It is possible to single out the following distinctive features of the modern state: high level of nationalism and multiculturalism, liberal institutions and importance of national culture, integrity and cooperation on the global level. Collective identity and individual freedom are the main characteristics of the modern state 9Richard Stillman II 23). The state is inevitably involved in recognizing and reproducing particular ethno-cultural groups, and so the politicization of cultural identities is, to some extent, inevitable. Modernization liberates people from fixed social roles and traditional identities, and fosters an ideal of autonomous individuality that encourages individuals to prefer choice and mobility over traditional ascriptive identities (Rubin 65). Modernization theorists argued that this ideal of autonomous individuality conflicts with a deep attachment to one's cultural group, particularly in the case of smaller nations or national minorities (Morphet 517). These smaller groups face strong economic and political pressures to assimilate into larger nations, and theorists assumed that the members of these groups would accept this process, rather than fight to maintain their cultural identity at the price of economic well-being or social mobility. To resist assimilation would require an irrational attachment to an 'ascriptive group' identity that was inconsistent with the modern ideal of autonomous individuality (Rubin 75). So there are many ways that government decisions play a crucial role in sustaining national cultures. This is not to say that governments can only promote one societal culture. So nationalist movements by national minorities are not rejecting the dynamic of modernization and nation-building. The modern state accepts the idea that a modern economy and democratic community requires a diffused common culture (Rubin 64). They are simply arguing that they form their own distinct economy and society within the boundaries of the large state. They are arguing that some countries are not nation-states, but are multination states, containing two or more national societies. In this case, "democracy has two aspects, authorial and editorial; democracy is authorial so far as it gives the collective people direct or indirect control of government; democracy is editorial so far as it gives people, whether in a collective or plural identity, the capacity to challenge government decisions; and as a feature of the plural people editorial democracy may be representative, reactive or regulative in character" (Pettit 527). Many liberal states do not make nationalism per se, but they introduce common use of the term nation and are clearly dedicated to a modern and unified administration, church-state reform, modern education and a liberal constitutional system. For instance, this is based on a general

Paper6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper6 - Essay Example The ddI experiment should have been allowed to continue albeit with changes in the experiment design. The pre-trial data for ddI lead to the formulation of three arms of the trial. The second arm of the trial received ddI only, despite the awareness amongst the investigators of the inferiority of the drug (risk of death) as compared to zidovudine. Analyzing the above dilemma on the principle of equipoise - as stated by C. Fried "a state of genuine uncertainty on the part of the clinical investigator regarding the comparative therapeutic merits of each arm of a trial" (Tnnsj 530), - would lead to the conclusion that the second arm of the trial does not satisfy this condition. Even while making this theoretical principle more practical, by accepting Freedman's version of clinical equipoise (Freedman 516), it can be argued that there was not a major difference of opinion amongst investigators regarding the inferiority of the drug or the expected benefit arising from it in the case of the second arm of the trial (Tnnsj 530). Thus it is wrong that some doctors were willing to take a risk in the face of a threat which had no clear benefits in terms of a positive outcome. The second arm of the trial should have been eliminated and the drug should have been tested for its superiority over zidovudine alone, when administered in alteration with the latter.

The Chemical Detection of Cocaine-Contaminated Currency Essay

The Chemical Detection of Cocaine-Contaminated Currency - Essay Example Hence, the second method is needed for recognition. The additional technique is termed as mass spectrophotometry. A technique avails information of the make-up of the particular constituents of the compound on the note. The combination of these two methods is called GC/MS (Acheson, 1991). The method aids in the investigation of cocaine. Cocaine is a banned substance, hence, law enforcers have to ensure that they find the means of how to detect cocaine in clients if any. According to Acheson(n.d.), cocaine has been use for long. It contains compounds called alkaloids. They are termed as alkaloids as they are basic in acidic media. As a sample, cocaine is interesting as it is said to give a person the feeling of immense power. It also has its many uses in spite of its illegality. Cocaine is obtained from its source as cocaine hydrochloride salt. Why did the study opt for the method and samples used? The study opted to utilize GC/MS technique because it enables of the total identification of the flash (Acheson, 1991). Acheson, E. (1991, 10 16). A Case Study Involing the Chemical Detection of Cocaine-Contaminated currency. Decatur, IL, Kenya. Retrivied from:

IMAX Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IMAX Report - Essay Example These two people to help address the need for the business expansion of the company helped in making the company public so as to draw huge funds from outside. The two new owners to help address the need for market expansion of the company took resort to different strategies like changing the ambience of the IMAX theatres to be like that of the multiplexes and presenting films which would be different from the standardised ones. This strategy caught the attention of a niche crowd who were found visiting such theatres frequently. IMAX helped in developing the concept of showing cinemas in halls which would be in-built in buildings containing auditoriums, museums and other such public arenas. Herein the issue of dip in market capitalisation figures from $196 million during 1994 to $125 million during 2008 came out to be a matter of serious concern for the owners. The company apart from earning revenues from filming movies also created a revenue channel based on leasing of movie equipmen ts and other distribution activities (IVEY, 2009, p.1-3). Analysis of the Environment The analysis of the external environment of IMAX is conducted based on strategic tools like PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces Model and also the understanding of the life cycle of the film industry in United States. PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL Analysis would help reveal the external environment of IMAX based on the region of United States and would focus on political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects. Political Factors The film industry of United States depicts an internal political climate wherein several film producers like Walt Disney, Pixar, Warner Bros. and others are found to have created a lobby for them thus obstructing the entry of new firms. Further the Motion Picture Export Association (MPEA) in United States is found to render controlling measures upon the several factors pertaining to price levels and other distribution activities of the films pro duced by the industry to other foreign markets. This body also supports the lobbying activities of the film producing companies in United States (Wasko, 2003, p.180-181). Economic Factors The region of United States reflected a growing market for the growth of films. Thus during the period of 2007 around 603 films were found to be released which countered a huge revenue growth of around $9.6 billion. However the prices of the films demanded a standardisation to help attract larger number of viewers to the hall and thus took resort to large volumes of commercial advertising (IVEY, 2009, p.10-11). Social Factors Several social factors in the region of United States also impacted the type of cinemas which would be shown to the general public. It is found that the cinemas were considered in the American society as a medium for educating and entertaining children. Thus cinemas are increasingly being considered as the mediums for developing the American knowledge base. Further the existen ce of Latin American base is also found to largely impact the production of films in the region (IVEY, 2009, p.10; Sutherland and Feltey, 2009, p.102-103). Technological Factors Development of cinema technology in United States using high definition features in DVD recorders and the extensive use of internet and other camcorders to distribute the cinemas

Principles of Marketing CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Marketing CA - Essay Example (10%)   Using the five stage model of the Purchase Decision Process in the model of consumer buying behavior described in Module 1, describe in detail the process you went through in making each purchase. Bear in mind that the purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate the depth of your understanding of the teaching materials. (20%)   Second Page   Identify and discuss the differences between the ways you went through the purchase decision processes for the two products. (20%)   Third and Fourth Pages   Assume now that you are marketing brands in two of the product categories listed above. Applying only the teaching materials, specifically the presentation "Uses of a Model of Buying Behavior", explain how you might use your understanding of the Model of Consumer Buying Behavior in marketing the two products. (Note that you are asked to APPLY the teaching materials, and thus simply listing what marketers can do in general is not sufficient. You should think about what is ex plained in the teaching materials and then apply that learning to two of the product categories listed above). ... The operating system was a high involvement purchase since it was very expensive yet there was the risk of it not being compatible with the computer programs that I intended to use. However, I was convinced by the vendor that it would work. Moreover, the operating system was significant and pertinent to my work. I also did not have much time since the deadline for project submission was fast approaching. The Domino’s pizza was a low involvement purchase since there was no risk involved, neither was it expensive. Moreover, I could have skipped it until supper time back home. Purchase Decision Process I recognized the need to have the computer software and decided to engage in information search regarding various brands and vendors. I checked online advertisements for different operating systems and found descriptions that matched my need. I found out that there were different operating systems such as windows XP, windows 7, and Linux which I could also apply to satisfy my needs . Both windows XP and the more recent windows 7 are products of Microsoft Corporation, which is a recognized company with strong brand equity. I was familiar with windows XP than the rest, hence I settled on the decision to buy it. After installation in my computer, the software worked well and I am satisfied with it. The Domino’s pizza I had at the restaurant did not involve all these steps in purchase decision making. Rather, I felt hungry and saw the restaurant. I entered, looked at the menu and found that the price of pizza was affordable and reasonable to me. I ordered, tasted it and felt that it was well cooked. I ate it, paid and left with the thought of passing by the restaurant for another pizza in future. Differences in the Purchase Decision Processes In

Case Study Based On Arab Culture Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Based On Arab Culture - Case Study Example Nasser into accepting the vaginal examination for Samia. Negotiation, according to Schim and Doorenbos (2011, p. 1), is a suitable approach in cases where cultural appreciation and cultural accommodation alone cannot permit care objectives. An understanding of cultural orientations that establish a barrier is necessary, a factor that is consistent with the fourth standard of the Expert Panel on Global Nursing & Health (2010, p. 7). With background knowledge of reasons for the barrier to vaginal examination, the nurse can engage Mrs. Nasser, focus her attention on the issue, and help her understand that the examination will not compromise the girl’s virginity and that the girl’s health, which could extend to her reproductive health, is far more important than the value of virginity. This would allow for consent and preventive care that Mrs. Nasser, as an Arab, values (Purnell, 2014, p. 172).   Accommodation and negotiation are the suitable culturally congruent strategi es that may be effective in addressing Mrs. Nasser’s needs. Accommodation involves accepting a client’s need because the performance of the need is possible and the need offers no harm. In the case, Mrs. Nasser’s concern is a direct examination of her daughter’s genitals and if an alternative test criterion exists, such as analysis of urine or blood sample, then the nurse should accommodate the client’s demand and use the alternative measures. Negotiation would, however, be suitable if alternative tests are either ineffective or not applicable to the case. It would then require a tactical approach, which demonstrates cultural competence, to convince Mrs. Nasser against her position. The understanding value on virginity as the barrier, convincing Mrs. Nasser that the virginity would not be compromised or convincing her that the traditional value for virginity is not as important as the real value for the girl’s reproductive health would help.

Rogers Chocolates Essay Example for Free

Rogers Chocolates Essay 1. The premium chocolate industry is changing dramatically with the growth rate in the chocolate industry falling as a whole, other traditional big name chocolate companies like Hershey’s and Cadburys are moving more towards the premium chocolate industry. The premium chocolate industry growing 20 percent annually and with the baby boomers purchasing more chocolate, they put are putting great emphasize on quality and brand when they purchase their chocolates. The underlying drivers of change are changes that companies go through in the industry and competition conditions. There are 14 total driving forces that drive industry change but Roger’s chocolates has 6 driving forces in particular that affect them the most. First are the changes in the long-term industry growth rate because of the decreasing growth rate in the chocolate industry. Second are the changes in who buys the product and how they are used because as mentioned in the text, 20 percent of the â€Å"heavy users’ account for 54 percent of the pre-Christmas sales. Third is marketing innovation because their customers and clients had environmental concerns in bettering their packaging, procurement, and operational decisions. Fourth driving force are the entry or exit of major firms and this can been seen with companies like Hershey’s and Cadburys moving more toward the premium chocolate industry. Fifth driving force is the regulatory influences and government policy changes because larger chocolate manufactures are seeking a redefinition in the word chocolate under USFDA guidelines so that they could purchase cheaper versions of the product and still call it chocolate. Six and final driving force is changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyle. People nowadays are more focused in the way they eat and are more concerned with their diet. Organic chocolate is a major topic and now dark chocolate is becoming more popular because it had been proven to be healthier than milk chocolate cause of their heart-healthy anti-oxidant. 2. Roger’s Chocolates competitive strategy is basically focused on their rich and long lasting history of their company. Roger’s Chocolates was founded in 1885 and they were Canada’s oldest chocolate company. Some of their products include Empress Squares, Dark Chocolate Almond Brittle, Marquis Assortment, Collectible Gift Tins, Fruit Nut Collection, and Ice Cream products. Their industry position is not where they hope to be, because of stiff completion from Godiva, Bernard Callebaut, and Lindt. One thing that management has done is focus their high quality hand wrapped chocolates which include Victoria Creams and they have also introduced their specialty items such as chocolate coved truffles, caramels, and orange peels. Roger’s Chocolate has introduced their line of sugar-free chocolate which opens up their market to people who cannot eat that much sugar like diabetics. Roger’s Chocolates functional strategy and tactics need to improve to be aligned with their competitive strategy, they should not only pride themselves in the uniqueness of how they specially wrap their chocolate they need to be more competitive within their industry by offering more selections of their products like fat-free products or market themselves better like Godiva does when you join their membership for free, every visit when you buy something Godiva gives you a free truffle. Something like that is what Roger’s Chocolates need to focus more on. 3. The action that Steve Parkhill should undertake to improve Rogers’ competitiveness in the Canadian Premium Chocolate Industry is focus more on what their customers want from the product. It is nice and everything that Roger’s Chocolates comes nicely packaged but the majority of the people are not interested in that part, though it does bring attention to the product. The taste of the chocolate is what is important and the ingredients it comes from as well. He needs to see what is it about their product that could give them the competitive advantage of their competitors. Also in terms of culture, although Canada is full of tourism, they need to establish themselves in other places where there are high volume of people that like premium chocolate. Expand their products towards the United States where people go visit like big cities. 4. SWOT analysis †¢Strengths = Premium chocolate markets grows 20 percent annually, high quality hand wrapped packages, stores are located in tourist areas (cruise ship traffic), well established in history, high quality ingredients. †¢Weakness = Name is not recognized internationally, expansion of the company is not considered, the sales agents do not provide links of their resellers to the website so customers do now know all the places that sell Rogers’ chocolates, do not sell my the majority to their customers †¢Opportunity = Expand their products to the U. S. or internationally, become a public company to get more exposure, produce organic items †¢Threats = Hershey’s and Cadbury moving towards the premium chocolate market, many competitors (like Godiva) , Board members do not want to grow, potential selling of the company to investors, post 9/11 tourism is slowing down. The future for Roger’s Chocolates looks like it is going to stay steady with no real big changes coming in the future. They will keep their rich history going but it does not seem like anytime in the future Roger’s Chocolates will be expanding their business. 5. At first Roger’s Chocolates was in a strong financial position due to the fact that the company was privately held and did not have to deal with public shareholders. But just after the current shareholder acquired the company, growth had substantially slowed down in the past years. Tourism has fallen down a lot as well since September 11. 2001 and the decline of the dollar has not helped much the financial either. Roger’s Chocolates level of profitability is doing well with Canada’s market for chocolate being $167 million dollars annually that is a big chunk of the market share for Roger’s chocolate to work with. Their liquidity seems to be doing well, Roger’s chocolates has strong resources in keeping their facilities and raw materials working well. Though there is a lot of room for Roger’s Chocolate to expand they seem to be operating at an average level.

US Academic Integrity Problems in University

US Academic Integrity Problems in University The summary of An Economic Analysis of Academic Dishonesty and Its Deterrence in Higher Education This document mainly discusses the issues of academic integrity. It makes a detailed analysis on the academic integrity problems now in American universities that are summarized. Why so many students choose to cheat? What kind of students are enrolled in academic dishonesty? (almost all). The relationship between market supply and academic dishonesty. Suggestions and measures relevant institutions take on this problem. The problem of academic dishonesty criticism can be seen everywhere in this document. More and more academic cheating makes the whole education system have a big hole. Low achievers destroyed the whole academic system balance. Author urge students not to do academic cheating. Prevention of academic dishonesty and severe the punitive measures have been implemented. Although the article mentioned several times completely ruled out is not possible with academic integrity, hope that all students and faculties for fairness and justice, to resist this phenomenon. This document is made up with six parts. They are followed by introduction, state of the union on academic dishonesty, microeconomic arguments on academic honesty/ dishonesty, what the students say: a look at survey results, proposals and resolutions, and conclusions. In the first part, the author introduces the good academic achievement have a tremendous influence to students. Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008, P183) argue that the underlying contract in higher education is that students, in exchange for demonstration of individual skills and predetermined levels of under- standing, are evaluated objectively by faculty and rewarded by the reflection of a grade-level performance on their permanent records. in addition to providing a system that can reflect mastery or training in particular subject matters, grading and student evaluation mechanisms, with their rewards and punishments, prepare students for the workplace and its market forces: good performance is rewarded and poor performance and dishonesty are punished. are punished.It is not only for his/ her individual abilitys evidence, but also is a kind of schools student evaluation mechanisms and societys acceptance. More important, which is also the theme of this document-Aca demic Honesty. The education can provide training and assigning evaluations in exchange for course assignment, work, and requirements- -students enter labor markets burnishing their college degrees as a signal to potential employers. ( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn, 2008, P184) Academic integrity is not reflected in the academic achievements of the students, but also reflects his influence on society as a whole. The ability to work with academic degrees and diplomas does not allow people to recognize academic achievement, which is a violation of the rights and interests of honest and trustworthy students. In the second part, it describes the crowd statistics of the phenomenon of academic dishonesty and the attitude of people to academic integrity. A survey by pennsylvania state university, rutgers university, and washington state university reveals that fifty-six percent of masters of business administration (MBA) students admit that they took notes into exams surreptitiously, stole work from others, and engaged in other forms of cheating. (available at the center for academic integrity, located at clemson university,P187)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..surveyed 5,331 students at thirty-two graduate schools in the united states and canada between 2002 and 2004. the study concluded that forty-seven percent of nonbusiness students admitted to some form of serious academic dishonesty during the previous school year.( Francesca Di Meglio,2006, P187) These two examples shows the serious of academic integrity. Nearly half of the students in higher education also have academic dishonesty. This is an amazin g and terrible phenomenon. In the high school students are cheating so, so in a relatively low level of school, this phenomenon will be more serious. In the latter, this document also mentioned, almost all the students will the academic dishonesty naturally or unconsciously. This is the consensus of every academic dishonesty students, better grades for their work to better help. People do not pay attention to the moral problems and punishment, because the punishment does not deter them. There is a more strange and serious problem, Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008, P190) point that Some MBA students were outraged at the editorial, and they too denied that there was a significant problem with cheating. It also reflects the problems of the education system, but fortunately most people are in favor of the severe suppression and punishment of academic integrity. The third part use microeconomic arguments specific analysis of the reasons for the existence of the phenomenon of academic cheating, as well as the relationship between the current marketplace. Hayek points to knowledge as a commodity that must flow as freely as possible if the marketplace is to maximize societys welfare. (Friedrich A. Hayek, 1945, P191) In simple terms, academic cheating is now in direct proportion to the extent to which it is accepted by society. The author uses the supply curve to describe the phenomenon. Initially, demand may be quite inelastic for many students. they have been told repeatedly that cheating is wrong, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..but eventually a price will be reached where demand becomes quite elastic due, for example, to negligible enforcement or the realization that almost everyone is now cheating.( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn,2008, P199) faculty view the academic dishonesty problem in terms of the demand and supply of academic honesty. .( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn,2008, P200) On one side, because more and more low level students have achieved good results with academic dishonesty, many good students have hesitated to join in the behavior. On the other side, the neglect of this phenomenon by the faculty makes academic dishonesty increasingly rampant. From the market perspective, the academic integritys survey will cost amount of money and energy. So only to college diploma to measure a students academic level makes dishonest problems have become increasingly serious. This seems to form a cycle of death. The forth and fifty parts are relatively, a look at survey result that students talk about integrity dishonesty and the proposals and resolutions. It can be included with four words-affidavit, report, punish and curb. Students sign an affidavit to insurance their academic integrity. Students report the academic dishonesty to faculty immediately. Those academic dishonesty students will be severely punished. ASU has absolutes acceptance for academic integrity that curb the academic dishonesty. The recommendations were met with grateful support from deans, who agreed that visible steps were necessary to change the culture. (Cultural reforms come from symbolism, P205) This shows that all members of the community to create an academic integrity and the determination of the real talents. However, the cause of academic dishonesty is also a common social contradictions Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008,P207) also showed that students stress the pressure they feel to make goo d grades, especially by parents who are paying tuition. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..students are also vocal about how poor teachers encourage academic dishonesty if tests have little to do with class discussions or are so outlandishly hard that mass cheating seems the only answer. quite a few added, you dont cheat in classes you love. It is common for students to pursue a better academic achievement at the expense of their family. The latter phenomenon is the problem of the university school system, where faculties or college and students all want to get better grades to prove themselves, which have created a large number of open academic dishonesty. Then, an interesting ideas exist the academic dishonesty students, some individuals just get a high out of cheating and seem to enjoy the thrill of getting away with it(P207). There are six resolutions that the SFPC came forward for the Faculty Senate in March 2005. The first resolution build an orientation that pay attention to academic integrity culture. The second is in order to enhance the culture with a specific action-brochures. Th third promote faculty to use a website in their syllabus that encourage students do not have academic cheating. The fourth, encouraging faculties to use anti-plagiarism software. The fifth, established in each college to monitor large sections. The sixth, each college designate an individual who serves as the lead authority when cheating problems arise in the college. (P210) Above, the last step has a conclusion about the total document, according to the academic dishonesty of this phenomenon have occurred, the relevant departments have taken corresponding measures. Students because of vanity and herd mentality, students choose academic cheating. This not only undermines the market demand to have the ability people. The whole society in the loss of credit environment. In addition, make more students lose confidence in academic integrity, which makes the whole country level decreased. At last, the author supports changing the university culture to change the academic integrity. Through a series of small reforms to complete the reform of the entire academic credit. References An Economic Analysis of Academic Dishonesty and Its Deterrence in Higher Education . Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn. Journal of legal studies education volume 25, issue 2, 183-214, summer/fall 2008.. Available at the center for academic integrity, located at clemson university, http://www. academicintegrity.org/cai_research/index.php. Francesca Di Meglio, a crooked path through business school?, sept. 24, 2006, http://www. businessweek.com. Friedrich A. Hayek, the use of knowledge in society, 35 am. econ. rev. 519 (1945).

The Hohfeldian Analysis Of Rights Philosophy Essay

The Hohfeldian Analysis Of Rights Philosophy Essay The concept of analyzing legal rights in a broader sense was given by Professor Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld. Professor Hohfeld was born in 1879. He graduated in 1901 from the University of California and moved to Harvard Law School. There, he served in the capacity of editor of Harvard Law Review and graduated with honors in 1904. Professor Hohfeld then taught from 1905-1913 at Stanford Law School. Later in his career, he shifted to Yale Law School. He taught at the prestigious law school until his demise in 1918  [1]  . Professor Hohfeld has contributed significantly to the field of Jurisprudence. He attempted to simplify the term right by creating an analysis that separates various core concepts in law. These core concepts were then shown to be inter-related and a framework of such relationships was construed. The analysis of the connectivity in relationships can shed light on implications of policy and decision making. Thus, his work has permitted the deconstruction of legal principles into individual elements  [2]  . Professor Hohfeld has propounded that the different meanings of the term right are often conflated in a single sentence. In any given sentence, the usage is switched several times. This lack of precision in the language subsequently indicates a lack of precision in thought and the conclusions that are derived in turn. His efforts to facilitate reasoning led him to break the meaning of rights into eight unique concepts. These terms are defined with respect to one another to eliminate the presence of any ambiguity. Four pairs of opposites and correlatives are said to exist as illustrated below  [3]  . Jural Opposites comprise of the following: 1. Right/No-Right 2. Privilege/Duty 3. Power/Disability 4. Immunity/Liability Jural Correlatives are mainly constituted by: 1. Right/Duty 2. Privilege/No-Right 3. Power/Liability 4. Immunity/Disability RIGHTS AND DUTIES What is a right? A right can be defined as an interest recognized, protected and enforced by law. Justice Strong has held The word right is defined by lexicographers to donate, among other things, property, interest, power, prerogative, immunity, privilege (Walkers Dict. word Right). In law it is most frequently applied to property in its restricted sense, but it is often used to designate power, prerogative, and privilege,  [4]   Justice Jackson  [5]  further states The words right or privilege have, of course, a variety of meanings, according to the connection or context in which they are used. Their definition, are given by standard lexicographers, include that which one has a legal claim to do, legal power, authority, immunity granted by authority, the investiture with special or peculiar rights. A man has several rights over both tangible as well as intangible objects. He also possesses rights as a person such as the right to enjoy a certain reputation, the right to not be assaulted or injured, rights in a domestic environment and rights that are related to other rights e.g. contractual rights. Certain other rights of a contractual nature may also exist such as those rendered for service e.g. master and servant, doctor and patient. Rights over intangible objects would include copyrights, patents, trademarks etc. Thus, rights can be considered as advantages or benefits that are conferred by law  [6]  . Rights can be divided into 4 different kinds: Rights in the strict sense Liberties Powers Immunities The correlatives of each of these rights are illustrated below: Duties No-Rights Liabilities Disabilities Each and every right has a corresponding duty. Duty may be defined as an internal feeling of an obligation towards someone. A duty or a legal obligation is that which one ought or ought not to do. Duty and right are correlative terms. When a right is invaded, a duty is violated.  [7]  Rights and duties are like 2 sides of a coin and always go hand in hand. Thus, right and duty are correlative. This implies that if X enjoys a right against Y, then Y is duty bound to respect this right. Rights in the strict sense can therefore, be held to be benefits, which are derived from duties imposed upon others  [8]  . Several different kinds of rights exist. These are elucidated below. The first classification is that of perfect rights and perfect duties. Rights which go along with perfect duties are known as perfect rights and perfect duties are those which not only possess legal recognition but are also, strictly enforceable. Thus, a breach would constitute some action or prosecution and the State may use reasonable force if necessary  [9]  . However, both rights and duties fall short of this perfect system  [10]  . Some examples of imperfect legal rights would include time barred claims, claims that cannot be enforced due to lack of proof, certain claims against states etc. While in all these cases, there is no cause of action yet legal recognition still exists. The principle of ubi jus ibi remedium which means where there is a right, there is a remedy, serves an exception to imperfect rights  [11]  . The second category is that of positive and negative rights. The correlative of these rights are positive and negative duties and acts performed by those in whom the duty vests determine the nature of the right. A positive act relates to a positive right whereas any abstinence from it would constitute a negative right  [12]  . A third distinction is made between rights in rem and rights in personam. Both these terms have been derived from civil law  [13]  . A right in rem is a right that exists against the entire world whereas a right in personam is against a specific individual. The right to spend my money from my wallet is a right in rem but the right to recover it from a debtor is a right in personam. Similarly, the right to exclusive enjoyment of my apartment is a right in rem whereas upon the lease of the same apartment, only a right in personam would exist against the leasee. Rights in rem are considered as negative rights whereas rights in personam are usually positive in nature  [14]  . Rights in personam are predominantly derived from the existence of personal relations whereas rights in rem offer a relation between the owner and a plethora of individuals. Thus, rights in personam are held to be paucital rights and rights in rem are multital rights. A contractual right is a paucital right as it is specifically enforceable only between the parties entering into a contract. A property right, on the other hand, is a multital right as the person has a right to exclude any and every individual. In essence, it can be said that multital rights are constituted by several, separate yet identical paucital rights  [15]  . Proprietary and personal rights form the fourth category. The former is concerned with value while the latter is not. Value, in the case of proprietary rights, is derived from assets, estate, property and so forth. Rights, therefore, which are proprietary in nature deal with monetary or economic value. On the contrary, personal rights are associated with status, reputation and welfare  [16]  . Right of not being inflicted with harm and rights in respect of domestic relationships can be called as personal rights  [17]  . Rights are also divided into jura in re propria and jura in re aliena. A right in re aliena, also termed as an encumbrance, is one which detracts from another in reference to a subject. Thus, the right is limited in its ambit with respect to the superior right. For instance, a landlords right to use the property temporarily may be restricted by a tenant. The 4 main classes that constitute jura in re aliena are servitudes, trusts, securities and leases. All other rights fall in the domain of jura in re propria  [18]  . A property owner has a jus in re propria i.e. a right over the property owned while a pledgee possesses a jus in re aliena i.e. a right over another persons property. A right is known as servient when it is subject to an encumbrance whereas the encumbrance derived is called dominant  [19]  . By subletting a property, the sublessee is conferred with a jus in re aliena by the tenant. Thus, the right of the tenant is servient with respect to the sublessee but dominant as against the landlord  [20]  . Servient and dominant rights are concomitant and may vary in their degree of coexistence. Leases, mortgages and easements are examples of the same. An opposite relationship is observed in the case of principal and accessory rights  [21]  . LIBERTY AND NO-RIGHTS Liberty is defined as the exercise of a right without the interference of law. To say that A has liberty means that A can do all that pleases because there exists no duty to refrain and at the same time, no one else can prohibit X from exercising liberty. There exists a relationship between all individuals that is woven together and held in a matrix. By collectively adding all the rights and duties across relationships, the extent and degree of liberty can be determined. The classic example of perfect liberty is one where no one has any exclusive right to prevent the occurrence of a given act  [22]  . Legal liberty encompasses a sphere within which the law leaves the individual alone. Liberty, however, does not mean interference with another e.g. liberty to voice opinion on public affairs does not grant a person the right to publish defamation. Similarly, one has the liberty to self-defense against violence but no right is conferred to engage in revenge against someone who has caused the injury. A man has a perfect right to fire off a gun, means, apparently, that a man has a freedom or liberty to fire of a gun, so long as he does not violate or infringe anyones rights in doing so, which is very different thing from a right, the violation or disturbance of which can be remedied or prevented by legal process.  [23]   In Quinn v. Leatham  [24]  , Lord Lindley has stated The plaintiff had the ordinary rights of the British subject. He was at liberty to earn his living in his own way, provided he did not violate some law prohibiting him from so doing, and provided he did not infringe the rights of other people. This liberty involved the liberty to deal with other persons who were willing to deal with him. This liberty is a right recognised by law; its correlative is the general duty of every one not to prevent the free exercise of this liberty or right to deal with others is nugatory unless they are at liberty to deal with him if they choose to do so. Any interference with their liberty to deal with him affects him. Liberty is therefore, the exercise of unrestrained activity permitted under law. The primary difference between liberty and rights in strict sense is that things I may do for myself are classified as liberty whereas things which others ought to do in my respect are classified as rights in strict sense  [25]  . Legal liberty is considered as a legal right where any interference by other persons is not justified. During the expression of ones opinions, it can be stated that other persons are legally duty bound not to curtail them. However, there exist liberties which do not enjoy the company of rights of a protective nature. Thus, a landowner, who gives a license to trespass his property, can exercise an equal right to prevent the usage of his property as much as the liberty conferred by the license granted by him. The license basically serves the purpose of making an unlawful act lawful. In Clifford v. ONeill  [26]  , the Court held A license is merely a permission to do an act which, without such permission, would amount to a trespassà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦nor will the continuous enjoyment of the privilege conferred, for any period of time cause it to ripen into a tangible interest in the land affected. Similarly, a trustee has the liberty to ask for compensation from the estates beneficiaries for administration purposes. But the beneficiaries are under no duty or obligation to provide him with the same. Yet another example is that a foreigner has the liberty to enter any country of his choice but the government can exercise an equal right to prevent the individual from entering. Thus, rights when classified as liberties aid in elucidating the meaning of law  [27]  . No-right is the correlative of liberty and consequently, of no duty. It is actually a word that has been coined indicating the absence of a right. The term no-right basically implies that a certain person does not have a right against another individual in a particular respect. The evolution of this term is said to have taken place in a negative context. So, if X has the liberty to undertake a particular act, it means that Y has no-right to say that the act will not be done e.g. a trespasser has no-right to be removed with force suggesting that the occupier has complete liberty of ejection  [28]  . Another example that can be considered in the same light is that of an alien who has no duty not to enter a foreign country i.e. he has liberty to enter. By the same token, the authorities have a no-right against him i.e. they may not have any right in the strict sense though they may still possess a liberty to refrain him from entering. Cases in tort that are principally of Damnum Sine Injuria in nature i.e. incurrence of some damage without the violation of a legal right are entirely no-right situations  [29]  . POWERS AND LIABILITIES Yet another classification of legal rights can be seen in the form of powers. Several examples of powers exist. A few to name are the power to make a will, the power to sell a property if the mortgagee does not receive back the mortgage money from the mortgagor, the right of re-entry that is possessed by a landlord, the power to revoke a contract for fraud, the power to take legal action against someone, the power to punish and arraign, the power to appoint officials for fulfilling functions, the right to issue an execution in respect of a certain judgement and other such powers vested in the judiciary to meet the ends of justice  [30]  . Powers constitute interests that are legally recognized. If one possesses power, one possesses the ability to change by ones own will, the liabilities, duties, rights and any other relations of oneself or with respect to other individuals  [31]  . Powers owe some resemblance to liberties although they differ in the aspect that the act so performed need not be innocent. The power to create a will does not imply that no wrong is done in the process. It does not mean that a will is made innocently, it simply implies that a right to create an effective will subsists. In a similar light, if a landlord possesses the right to re-enter his property, it does not mean that no wrong is committed but if such an act is committed, it does imply that the lease is effectively terminated  [32]  . Powers and rights in the strict sense can also be differentiated. In the latter case, a corresponding duty always coexists whereas this is absent in the former case. An example of the same is that the right to create a will does not result in a corresponding obligation for someone else. Similarly, one can see that the power to sell the mortgagors property by a mortgagee does not create an obligation on the mortgagor to pay back the mortgage money. It does, however, confer the right on the mortgagee to receive back the sum given as a debt to the mortgagor. A debt and an action to recover money fall under two different categories. While the first case can be classified as a right in the strict sense which would correspond to a duty to repay, the latter is an example of a power given by law that imposes a liability and consequently, results in the institution of legal proceedings  [33]  . Powers can be classified based on the domains in which they are exercised. Hence, powers can be categorized as either private or public. Private powers are exercised by individuals with respect to themselves. Public powers, on the other hand, lie with state agencies or instruments that carry out public functions. Examples include powers exercised by the judiciary, legislature and executive  [34]  . Power helps to determine legal relations and thus, gives rise to either authority or capacity. The term authority is defined as the exertion of power over others whereas capacity is defined as the power exerted over oneself  [35]  . Liability of an individual arises when power is vested in another. It can broadly be defined as the alteration of a persons legal rights by the person who exercises power. A few examples that illustrate this concept are the determination of a lease by reentry of the landlord that places a liability on the tenant, liability of a disloyal partner to seek divorce, one against whom a judgement has been passed is liable to have a decree of execution issued and the liability of a mortgagor that arises from the sale of the property by a mortgagee in the event of non-payment of the loan advanced  [36]  . Liability is unconcerned with the fruitful or unfruitful result in any given case. It is inherent in nature and bears no relation with any duty to pay compensation. For instance, a person committing a tort is duty bound to pay compensation and is liable for an action to be brought against him/her as well. However, someone who is not a tortfeasor is not under any duty to pay compensation but is equally liable for an action to be instituted, that in all probability will fail, as no grounds exist. Similarly, a statute in Virginia provided that all free white male persons who are twenty-one years of age and not over sixty, shall be liable to serve as jurors except as hereinafter provided.  [37]  This enactment resulted in the imposition of a liability and not a duty. Liability is said to be harmonious in nature with no-right. If a tenants goods are seized for non-payment of rent, he has no-right not to allow his supplies to be handled by the landlord and at the same time, the liability to secure and sell the merchandise against his pleasure also remains in effect  [38]  . Liability can also be seen as an advantage or benefit. A person who professes to transfer his property as a gift through the exercise of power, the person entitled to the gift has a liability to receive it. While referring to a gift causa mortis and the liability of the donee to have his gift revoked, Justice Smith has said: The title to the gift causa mortis passed by the delivery, defeasible only in the lifetime of the donor, and his death perfects the title in the donee by terminating the donors right of power of defeasance. The property passes from the donor to the donee directlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and after his death it is liable to be divested only in favor of the donors creditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.His right and power ceased with his death.  [39]   IMMUNITIES AND DISABILITIES Another category of rights is immunity from legal power. Immunity grants an exception to change any legal relations. The right of an individual to be tried by members of society of equal standing creates an exclusion from being tried by a jury. The relationship between immunity and power is identical to that of liberty and right in the strict sense. Immunity implies a complete lack of liability  [40]  . Cases of immunity from taxation are well documented in the U.S. In Phoenix Ins. v. Tennessee  [41]  , Justice Peekham stated the following: In granting to the De Soto Company all the right, privileges, and immunities of the Bluff City Company, all words are used which could be regarded as necessary to carry the exemption from taxation possessed by the Bluff City Company; while in the next following grant, that of the character of the plaintiff in error, the word immunity is omitted. Is there any meaning to be attached to that omission, and if so, what? We think some meaning is to be attached to it. The word immunity express more clearly and definitely an intention to include therein an exemption from taxation than does either of the other words. Exemption from taxation is more accurately described as an immunity than as a privilege, although it is not be denied that the latter word may sometimes and under some circumstances include such exemptions. Disability, the correlative of immunity, is better known as inability and signifies the absence of power. The legal maxim Nemo dat quod non habet which means that no person can transfer a better title in property than what is possessed by oneself, is an expression of disability  [42]  . SUMMARY In conclusion, 4 independent, unique and distinct classes of rights are guaranteed by law. These are rights in the strict sense, where law restricts others in my respect; liberty, which permits a reasonable degree of freedom to pursue uninterrupted and unrestrained activity; power, that gives a right to execute an action effectively and immunity, which creates an exemption from being subjected to a power. A right in the strict sense imposes a duty on others, a liberty allows an action to be performed innocently, a power confers the right to accomplish effectively and an immunity denies others the right to exercise power effectively in my respect  [43]  . Correlatives are related vertically and read as is the presence of in another. Thus, duty is the presence of right in another and power is the presence of liability in another. Diagonal relationships indicate jural contradictories and are read as is the absence of in oneself. Thus, liberty is the absence of duty in oneself and immunity is the absence of liability in oneself. The contradictions of jural correlatives are connected by horizontal arrows and can be read either way as is the absence of in another. Thus, no-right is the absence of duty in another and disability is the absence of liability in another  [44]  .

Future of the grocery store :: essays research papers

Where will the grocery industry be in the near future? Chester Sideman and his wife Carmen married 25 years ago. After they married they decided that they did not want to be typical working Americans who worked from 9-5 and retired at age 55. They had always envisioned running their own company and running it in the form that they saw fit. After thinking long and hard they decided to build a company from the era that they were from. Being that they were from the â€Å"hippie† era, they fell in love with the idea of running a grocery store that provided a healthy alternative to the grocery shopping experience. A few years after opening, Chester and Carmen began to notice a trend. They were seeing that their health food store was beginning to gain popularity with the locals here in San Francisco, since so many were from the same era. Seeing this, the couple decided that they needed to expand and take full advantage of their popularity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First they decided to expand into a neighboring store that had gone out of business. With this added space, they were able to triple their size and bring in an enormous variety of products that tied into the theme of the store. With this added size, they also found that they needed help in the day-to-day operations of running the store. Due to this fact they hired Craig Premer. Craig was a grocery industry professional that had worked for years in the business. He was also able to see the great potential that this store had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After five years of Craig taking control of running the store, he had implemented all the ideas that he had to help build the grocery store. At this point, the store was doing great. Profit was double what it had been before Craig got there, but beginning to level off. Craig noticed this and had a talk with Chester and Carmen. Craig: Chester, we need to reevaluate what it is that you want out of this store at this point. I understand that this store has been doing very well the past few years, but with the increase in competition from stores like Whole Foods and Rainbow Grocery, I feel that changes need to be made. Chester: I know that our profits have been doing well and have started to level off, but do you think big changes need to be made?

E-Journals--Inside and Out :: E-Publishing

E-Journals--Inside and Out SDI stands for the Selective Dissemination of Information in the field of Library and Information Science. The editor of this column on E-Journals has been a practicing academic reference librarian since 1983. Lynn C. Westney is an Associate Professor and a Reference Librarian at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In this column she selectively disseminates international information on the contents of freely accessible (no subscription required), e-journals, e-newsletters, and other e-publications. On occasion, relevant Web sites are included. The Journal of the Association for History and Computing, JAHC, has as its focus the applications of computer and other electronic technologies into the historical profession which is interdisciplinary in several areas. The applications of new technologies, particularly within academe, have been the focus of research by scholars in many disciplines, especially in all aspects of education, history, library and information science, and philosophy. These applications are interdisciplinary rather than discipline-specific. Historians must be open and receptive to the ideas presented in other journals and in other fields. Thus, an additional purpose of this column is to present to the readers of JAHC, the issues, controversies, and trends which are impacting interdisciplinary research within history and computing and allied disciplines as evidenced within current electronic publications. Professor Westney brings to our attention a diversity of global e-publications of interest to historians and scholars from other disciplines by providing a brief descriptive and evaluative annotation of each publication she has chosen for inclusion. Through highlighting individual articles this effort serves as an introductory vehicle for the selective dissemination of information for the members of AAHC, JAHC, and others who visit our Web site. Commentary and queries concerning this column should be addressed to: lynnhatt@uic.edu E-Journals and Electronic Publications Entries are listed in alphabetical order by e-title. PART I: SPECIAL FEATURE: ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FROM AND ABOUT IRELAND ARCHway http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/ARCHway.html The archaeology journal holdings of over 20 UK university, museum, and private libraries have been united to create one searchable resource. To search across the entire resource, click on the journal locator button. To browse the A-Z list of over 2,000 titles, click on the A-Z list button. Citations to articles and abstracts are provided free of charge, although full-text of the articles is not provided. Australian Law Librarian http://www.allg.asn.au/current_all.htm#current_issue Vol. 12, No. 3, â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004: Revived Copyrights and Public Exhibitions,† by Matthew Rimmer. This article considers the impact of the copyright term extension upon public exhibitions in libraries and cultural institutions focusing upon the legal action taken by the Joyce Estate to prevent the staging of â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004:, a festival celebrating the centenary of Bloomsday.

Social Institutions of the World State within Brave New World :: essays research papers

„ « Family In the totalitarian society of Brave New World, the development of human beings is completely controlled by the World State. Each person is raised in a hatchery, where the government controls every stage of their development until maturity, a process that takes Two-hundred and sixty-seven days. The embryos ¡Ã‚ ¦ DNA is controlled chemically to stimulate or to retard their physical and mental growth to create a biological class structure. The human ¡Ã‚ ¦s placement into a certain class, such as Alpha, Beta, etc., depends on their level of physical and mental  ¡Ã‚ §perfection. ¡Ã‚ ¨ The very notion of human reproduction without genetic purity (regular human birth) is viewed as dirty and illegal. The hatcheries, including the use of hypnopaedia to teach and build  ¡Ã‚ §values, ¡Ã‚ ¨ have done away with the traditional nuclear family. The strict biological class structure, which influences the behavior and intellect of the humans within those classes, and psychological messages that are broadcast continually, replace the same process done by the parents of children of centuries past with a system of development that is faster and more efficient. Hypnopaedia also instills the people of the state with the knowledge of the different classes in the world and why it is best to be in the class you are in, guaranteeing that the masses comply with the situation they are placed in. Thinking as a whole class, rather than as individuals, eliminates overachieving and striving to better their lives so the State can better control the populace. Because of the birthing system and views towards biological reproduction, marriage is not practiced. Since everyone  ¡Ã‚ §belongs ¡Ã‚ ¨ to everyone else within a class, sexual coupling is encouraged without fear of commitment to any one individual, and it even helps the society prosper according to the World State. „ « Education The entire educational process is provided by the World State during the period where human beings are developing within the hatcheries. This is mostly performed through Hypnopaedia,  ¡Ã‚ §sleep-learning. ¡Ã‚ ¨ By repeating phrases over and over while the children sleep, the State can condition each person to accept his role in the world around him and to behave in what is deemed as "safe." Other forms of education include sessions that are much like behavioral training of laboratory animals. For example, the dislike of roses and books is enforced through electric shock while they are still babies. Even sexual promiscuity is regular education for humans as soon as they reach puberty.

Internet shopping Essay

For those who prefer their shopping to come to them, Sainsbury’s to You delivers groceries ordered via the Internet. Audio publications for blind people For people who cant see they can get Braille embossed audio-cassette where all their gifting and food/drink brochures are available. They can order the items via phone or tell a family member to get it for them. Disability parking spaces All car parks have designated disabled parking spaces. These are situated near the main store entrance for any customers with a mobility/access requirement. Guide/assistance dogs Guide/assistance dogs are welcome in all Sainsbury stores. Help with shopping Members of staff are available to assist customers with their shopping, including packing items at the checkout if required. Also they can carry shopping bags to the car if requested. Induction loop system for hearing impaired Most of the stores have hearing induction loops installed to help hearing-aid users interact with staffs at specific locations around the store, including selected checkouts and the customer service desk. The following symbol is displayed where induction loops have been installed. Service call in petrol stations 95% of their petrol stations have a service call facility available, enabling disabled drivers to request assistance without leaving their vehicle. Wheelchairs and specially adapted trolleys These items are available in every store (excluding Locals and selected Centrals where space is limited). Electric scooters are also available in larger selected stores. Service for parents and infants Customers shopping with a child under five years old, at a store with a Sainsbury’s controlled car park, can get a Parent and Infant windscreen badge from the Customer Service desk and keep it on their cars. Several types of trolleys are also available for various family combinations of babies and toddlers, even for triplets. Parents shopping with children can use the priority wide-aisle checkouts to avoid waiting. Sitting place for elderly people There will be chairs near the checkout for them to rest on, as they normally get tired in big stores. Time saving for kitchen work Time pressures exist at home as well as at work, so Sainsbury will offer products like ready-meals and prepared meats and vegetables that require no preparation. Mothers with baby-need trolley with baby seat There are few trolleys for babies to sit, but if the parents think the seats are not safe enough then they could give ideas of improving to the customer service, and from there Sainsbury will find ways to improve it if its possible. Blind people There should be someone with that person to help then to get the shopping done by looking at the shopping list. Students-having the products set out in the right place as students don’t have time to look for things Maybe checking the selves 3 times a day (morning, afternoon and evening) to see if the products are in the right place. Organic, vegetarian, vegan food They are put in different section so it is not difficult to find. Socio-economic group – A,B,C1,C2,D, E The price should be different, as everyone cannot afford even some luxury products. As well meeting the needs of the customers, Sainsbury already has other good facilities, which helps it to be a good customer service. They are: Health Sainsbury understands that healthy eating is about balance, so they focus on providing clear and easy-to-read nutritional information on their products to help customers seeking this balance. In some stores they carry out health checks and allergy tests. They have successfully reduced the level of salt in their products, and minimised the unnecessary use of pesticides to grow Different tastes It offers a very wide range of products (over 20,000 different products in many of our supermarkets) to meet just about every taste. For example, it caters for local tastes in Scotland by opening Simon Howie branded meat counters, Kelly’s of Cornwall ice cream in the South West, Bartons pickles in the North West, Genesis bread in Northern Ireland and a wide range of kosher foods in Finchley Road. Top-shelf publications Although there are no legal or trade guidelines on what may or may not be sold in newsagent outlets in general, their policy is not to display or sell any newspaper or magazine, which they think it would offend or embarrass the average customer. Sainsbury are also a member of Baywatch campaigning. Baywatch is a national campaign set up in response to widespread concern about the abuse of parking spaces designated for use by people with a disability. Along with other national retailers Sainsbury’s are supporting the campaign throughout their stores. Sainsbury’s recognises that each of its customers is an individual with individual needs, so all members of staff receive disability training as part of their induction programme to ensure that all staffs have an understanding of the needs of thier disabled customers. They were voted the best corporate chain store for their commitment to providing better service for deafblind customers at the Deafblind Friendly Corporate Awards 2001. It supports the Wellbeing ‘Eating for Pregnancy’ Helpline, which is run by state-registered dieticians. This shows they care about pregnancy customers as well. As they are supporters of the National Childbirth Trust’s ‘Breast is Best’ campaign, they provide baby changing rooms and some free nappies. Free membership is available for the Little Ones Club, but they are only entitles to the customers when they are shopping. A free magazine is also available for parents with the latest news on childcare and new products. Some of the larger stores also sell range of Adams children’s clothing and Early Learning Centre toys. What is customer protection? Customer protection is made up of several laws, which is placed by the government in favour of the consumers. This is placed to insure that the businesses know precisely what their responsibilities are towards their consumers. E. g. when selling a product to a customer, the business has to make sure that the customer is happy and satisfied with it. These are consumer protection legislation laws. * Sale of Goods Act (SGA) 1979 – this Act is consolidated the 1893 Act and its amendments. The right of the seller to sell = in every contract, there are some implied conditions. One such implied condition is that the seller has legal right to sell. When you go shopping you do not ask the shopkeeper if the goods that he or she is offering to sale are legally his or hers – you have to assume that it is so, but if later on you discover that the seller did not have the right to sell, then by the SGA 1979 Act you have the rights to recover the money you have spent. Another implied condition in a contract of sale is that the goods must correspond with the description that is given. E. g. a pair of gloves described as made of leather must be made of leather, not plastic. Â  Sale and Supply of Goods Act (SSGA) 1994 – This Act is important for its substitution of the term ‘satisfactory quality’ for the previously used phrases ‘merchantable quality’ and ‘fit for the purpose’. The guideline quoted above were set out in the SSGA 1994, but are implemented through the SGA. Supply of Goods and Services Act (SGSA) 1982 – The SGA 1979 dealt only with the legal responsibilities of sellers of goods. The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 added the responsibilities of providers of services. A contract for the supply of a service is defined as ‘a contract under which the supplier agrees to carry out a service’. This makes the supplier of a service carry out ‘responsible care and skills’. All service providers are included in this, whether they are professional or unprofessional.

Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour

Jerome Carlos Johnson SOCI 3345: Sociology of the 1960’s Five Page Book Review: Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph February 28, 2013 Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph Within the eleven chapters that comprise Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour lays a treasure chest of information for anyone interested in Black or African American history, particularly the civil rights movement that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s. I am a self-professed scholar of African American history and I found an amazing amount of information that I was not aware of.Like most who claim to be Black History experts, I was aware of the roles of Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. However, I was not aware of the impact that so many lesser known figures had in the civil rights movement. It was refreshing to learn of the roles played by Harold Cruse, Arturo Schomburg, Richard Wright, Ella Baker and Robert F . Williams. Reading this book definitely gave me a new perspective on the civil rights movement and the legacies of its leaders.Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour took me on a journey through the tumultuous events of the civil rights movement, as well as introducing me to key players in the movement of which I was previously unaware. In addition, the book served as an avenue of connecting the various segments and factions of the civil rights movement. The book also did a great job of presenting the nationwide struggle of African Americans rather than focusing on one specific geographical area. It was a daunting task, but the author did a great job of accurately placing all the pieces of the puzzle together that comprised the struggle for freedom.Through his writings in Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour, Peniel Joseph did a great job of contrasting the stark difference between integrationists like Martin Luther King and nationalists (or separatists) like Malcolm X. Peniel Joseph was able to paint the stark contrast between the two major factions of the civil rights movement by exploring their beginnings several decades prior to the climax of the movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The book begins by detailing Malcolm X’s rise to prominence within the Nation Of Islam. The book clearly shows the power that Malcolm X wielded in the African American community.In many ways this book provides solid evidence of my personal opinion that Malcolm X was indeed a more powerful leader than Martin Luther in the African American community. Both men were charismatic and eloquent orators, but Malcolm X had a much more commanding presence. Again, this is my personal opinion, but the book definitely paints a vivid picture of the abundant power that was held by Malcolm X. The book gives an excellent discourse on the different ideological views of the two great leaders: Malcolm’s militant thinking of getting justice and equality by any means necessar y versus the non-violent, Gandhi-like movement led by Dr.Martin Luther King. While King is mentioned often, the book is clearly more focused on Malcolm X and his great role in moving black people from passive, non-violent methods towards more assertive methods of achieving racial justice and equality. The book provides information about Malcolm X’s history and background, which helped to better understand his militant thinking. Malcolm X played a great role in the great shift in the methods used to fight for civil rights in the 1960’s. Many lesser known leaders looked at Malcolm X as a role model. His legacy as a leader is still felt 48 years after his assassination.Malcolm served as inspiration to the Black Power Movement that took fire in the mid and late 1960’s. Another great thing about Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour is the way it shows the geographical aspect of the struggle for racial equality. In great detail, the author highlights the workings of c ivil rights leaders in major cities like Detroit but also gives a great deal of attention to the struggles of rural southerners. This allowed me to make a connection between the struggles of urban African Americans and blacks in the rural southern, thus seeing the entire picture more clearly.This book makes clear that the struggle for racial equality was nationwide and not just isolated to certain geographical locations. A common misconception about the civil rights movement is that blatant racism was a problem only encountered in the Deep South. However, Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour does a great job of clarifying this misconception and showing the many elements of the struggle for justice that blacks from coast to coast experienced. One of the most elements of the book is the evolution of the organization called SNCC.SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) was founded in conjunction with the lunch counter sit0ins that originated in Greensboro, North Carolina in Feb ruary 1960. SNCC activists were known to practice slow, tedious and patient voter registration drives in the most dangerous parts of the South. However, they seldom received credit for their efforts on a national level. Despite their lack of national attention, SNCC activists often managed to annoy white federal officials and black civil rights leaders.SNCC attracted radicals from the Revolutionary Action Movement, black nationalists from the North and a host of other mavericks. From its humble beginnings, SNCC was a peaceful group that used nonviolent methods to seek racial equality. Over the course of time, SNCC became more assertive in their methods of demanding racial equality and social justice. At the very center of the evolution of SNCC was a young man from Trinidad by the name of Stokely Carmichael. Perhaps the most poignant chapter in the book is chapter 7, which is entitled, â€Å"What We Gonna Start Saying Now Is Black Power! In this chapter we see the birth of the Black Power movement. This is a very powerful chapter for many reasons, including that in my opinion this is the point where the civil rights movement began to move toward a more assertive methodology and Dr. Martin Luther King began to lose relevance. At first SNCC was an organization that believed in non-violent civil disobedience but over time the organization became more militant. By 1965 it was obvious that Stokely Carmichael was leading the organization from its roots as a non-violent integrationist group toward a much more militant nationalist way of thinking.During the summer of 1966 attention shifted to the Mississippi Delta, which was a hotbed of racial discord. This is of special significance to me because my parents were both born and reared in the Mississippi Delta. My grandfather shared many stories with me about the tumultuous 1960’s in the Mississippi Delta. Most of those stories were horrific but Waiting â€Å"Til the Midnight Hour put a whole new perspective on it by introducing me to the major players with great detail. In this chapter we see Dr. Martin Luther King and Stokely Carmichael in Mississippi during the time that JamesMeredith was embarking upon his March Against Fear. His plan was to march from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi as a symbol of his defiance against the racial discrimination so prevalent in Mississippi. Meredith was famous for integrating the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) four years prior. While marching from Memphis to Jackson, James Meredith was shot in the neck, back and both legs. He was seriously injured but would eventually recover. This incident divided the civil rights activists in Mississippi.Stokely Carmichael, James Baldwin and LeRoi Jones were identified as provocateurs behind a growing trend of racial militancy. Officials from the Urban League, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, CORE, the NAACP and SNCC met to discuss joining the march in Mississippi as a form of protest aga inst the shooting of James Meredith as well as commemorating the assassination of Medger Evers. The different organization leaders had opposing views on the methodology of implementing the march and therefore a long argument ensued.Eventually a compromise was met. However, in the end, the more conservative leaders from the North refused to support the compromise that Dr. Martin Luther King and returned to New York after warning that the march would be a disaster. During the long march through the Mississippi Delta, Stokely Carmichael lost his patience with the racial climate of Mississippi. He was tired of the racial hatred and blatant discrimination. Following his release from jail (after his 27th arrest), Stokely Carmichael made his way to Broad Street Park in Greenwood, Mississippi.In an impassioned speech, he told the crowd of tired and listless marchers that he had grown tired of the slow pace of the civil rights movement and his frustration had reached its boiling point. At th at point he said the poignant words, â€Å"what we gonna start sayin’ now is black power! † It was at that point that America began to recognize that many blacks throughout the nation had grown wary of the methods of Dr. Martin Luther King and his turn the other cheek way of thinking. The tide was turning and African Americans were ready to get their freedom and equality by any means necessary.From that day forward the slogan â€Å"Black Power† began to spread like wildfire. The Meredith March ended on June 26, 1966 as thousands of people gathered at the Mississippi State Capitol Building in Jackson. The burning of a Confederate flag on the capitol grounds by a SNCC member drew rousing applause. Dr. Martin Luther King struggled with the reality that the national political landscape may not be able to keep up with the pace of the new found black militancy. He confessed to the crowd that his dream â€Å"had turned into a nightmare. King defiantly proclaimed †Å"that even in Mississippi justice will come to all of God’s children. † Carmichael sounded a message that was the polar opposite of that of Dr. King. Carmichael said that the movement must build a political base so powerful that blacks would â€Å"bring them [whites] to their knees every time they mess with us. † Carmichael’s message began to resonate among black people across the nation and the mood among blacks began to shift from non-violent civil disobedience to that of militant defiance. Thus the Black Power came into existence and dominated the political scene for the remainder of the 1960’s.

Case Study of P1

1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Company Background Packet One Networks (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (P1) was launched on August 18, 2008 as a subsidiary of Green Packet Bhd, which is a leading global developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband Networking Solutions. P1 is Malaysia’s first and leading WiMAX telecommunications company with the country widest WiMAX network and it represents the first large-scale commercial deployment of Mobile WiMAX in Southeast Asia, as well as the first large-scale deployment of an 802. 16e WiMAX network outside Korea. P1 was one of four companies awarded 2. GHz spectrum licenses by the Malaysian Government to deploy WiMax services throughout Malaysia (www. p1. com. my, 2009). 1. 2 Company’s vision P1 objective is to become the market leader in wireless broadband industry. To achieve that, P1 are now putting their effort on broadening wireless broadband connectivity across the region in order to capture more market. (www. p1. com. my, 2009). 1. 3 WiMAX WiMAX is an abbreviation of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is a standard-based technology enabling delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. WiMAX enables deliverables of bandwidth between two points or between a point to multipoint to customer. The usage of WiMAX requires certain bandwidth of spectrum to be allocated to the service provider, in accordance to the channeling plan approved and published by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission(MCMC) (www. greenpacket. com, 2008). 2. 0 Michael Porter 5 Forces 2. 1 Threat of new entry Telecom industry is one of the industries which have the biggest barrier to enter. Firstly, to enter this industry requires a lot of cash to cover high ixed equipment and innovation cost (Gupta. A, 2008). Secondly, the ownership a telecom license can be one of the biggest barriers to entry, because government may refuse to give license to operator to operate their business (WiMAXian. com, 2009). Thirdly, advertisements to create awareness to public are very costly; it is very hard to draw public attention if there is no enough advertisement since there are so many players in Malaysi a. Moreover, skilled human capitals are required to operate the business (Gupta. A, 2008). Lastly, high exit barriers scared off investors in get into this business, concluding that the threat of new entry is very low. 2. 2 Competitive rivalry As Internet plays a very important role in human’s daily life, most of the people have to in touch with internet every day. So, to attract more subscribers, competitors have to lower down their price and provide more benefits in order to survive since they have invest an enormous capital in this business that with high exit barrier due to its specialize equipment. There are more than 10 internet service providers (ISP) in Malaysia. Normally, new carriers are used to take low price strategy to attract customers, which lead to a price war (wwwen. zte. com. cn, 2010). Besides that, these ISP do their promotion and advertising frequently as everyone in major city can see it every day and everywhere. The fierceness of frequent advertisement had leaded to an advertising war between P1 and Streamyx in 2009 (Risen. J, 2009). Moreover, High customer churn rate shows that any unsatisfaction in term of speed, stability and price will cause customer to switch to other service provider (Gupta. A, 2008). It may conclude that the competitive rivalry in internet industry is highly intensive. 2. 3 Bargaining power of buyer With the increased choices of broadband service in Malaysia, the bargaining power of buyer is rising; this leads into customers seeking low prices but have better services. On the other hand, the switching cost from one to another Internet service provider is relatively low, customers can switch to other service provider easily, and this enhanced the bargaining power of buyer. 2. 4 Bargaining power of supplier P1 need to have sets of specialize hardware and software equipment to run their business. From hardware (Base station, CPE, Antenna, Cooling system and etc) to software (Billing software, Network Monitoring, Test Software), there are enough number of suppliers weaken bargaining power. As a conclusion for the bargaining power of supplier, it is average as P1 have many other options (www. wimax-industry. com, 2009). 2. 5 Threat of substitution High substitution threats from non-traditional telecom industries’ product and services, for example: Cable television verses Satellite television, Internet telephony verses traditional voice calls (Gupta. A, 2008). 3. 0 Segmentation Targeting and Positioning 3. 1 Target Market P1’s target markets are metropolitans who seek for convenience lifestyle. 3. 2 Positioning P1 had positioned WiMAX as a 4G technology that is superior to High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and 3G technologies, which are the fastest, conveniences, stable wireless broadband network in Malaysia. Thus, P1 had done a â€Å"Potong (Cut) Now† campaign to encourage public to free themselves from hassles, frustration and any other unsatisfying broadband services. (www. p1. com. y, 2009) 4. 0 Marketing Mix 4. 1 Product The core product that P1 provided is internet connection service. There are two supporting products for people to connect to internet provided by P1 which are Wifi-enabled Desktop Modem and Portable Modem WIGGY; it can be diversify into many plans. 4. 1. 1 Wifi-enabled Desktop Modem Wifi-enabled Desktop Modem allows several users to connect to internet at the same time by WLAN technology. There a re 5 standard plans which are categorized into two major plans: Home and Office. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) For Home, it can be divided into 3 plans which are LITE, PLUS and PRO. The â€Å"LITE† plan connection speed is 400kbps and usage threshold are setting at 5GB. The â€Å"Plus† plan provided 1. 2 Mbps connection speed with 20GB usage threshold. The â€Å"PRO† plan provided 2. 4 Mbps connection speed and usage threshold are setting at 40 GB. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) Whereas for Office, are divided into Standard and Premium. The â€Å"Standard† plan provided 1. 2Mbps Internet connection speed and enjoying unlimited usage threshold. The â€Å"Premium† plan provide 2. Mbps internet connection speed and enjoying unlimited usage threshold by unlimited as well. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) 4. 1. 2 Portable Modem WIGGY Unlike Wifi-enabled Desktop Modem, there are only two major plans for Wiggy which is Wiggy 69 and WIGGY*. Wiggy 69 provide 800kps connection speed, allowing 5GB of usage threshold. Whereas for WIGGY*, provided speed up to 10mbps with usage thresho ld 10GB (www. p1. com. my, 2010). 4. 2 Price P1 had offered a â€Å"stimulus package† which is RM 49 per month to attract the new broadband users and students. Another competitive package includes WIGGY with RM69 and RM149 per month. In the below, the table shows that the competitive prices between P1 and Streamyx. [pic] Table 1 – P1 W1max [pic] Table 2 – Streamyx Table 1 and table 2 shows the prices of P1 WiMAX and Streamyx according to the prices. From here, it shows that P1 keeping the price to be balance with others competitors, which Streamyx are provide â€Å"Streamyx 2. 0Mbps† package with price RM 188, and P1 are provide the plan â€Å"PRO 2. 4Mbps† with price RM 199. (www. p1. com. my, 2010 and www. Streamy. com, 2010). The prices of all plan set by P1 almost the same with others competitors because P1 believes in an â€Å"honesty policy† in which the subscriber knows upfront which speed and price is worth for them. Thereby, P1 not only keeps the price balance but also increases market share and influences the local market. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) 4. 3 Place States and places had covered by P1 are Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Selangor, Perak, Pulau Pinang, and Perlis. P1 are planning to roll out its Wimax Services in the state which still haven’t covered by P1 that include Kuala Terengganu, Melaka, Sabah and Sarawak. www. p1. com. my, 2010) P1 recruit resellers to provide registration service in different state and areas that including Perak Ipoh, Pulau Pinang Butterworth, Johor Batu Pahat, Kuala Lumpur Putra Jaya and many other places which covered by P1 WiMAX coverage. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) On the other hand, P1 Green Packet’s headquarter located beside the Federal Highway in KL, it also houses their customer service center to provide reception service for customers come to registration with P1 Modem, require information, make payment, and others. (www. hot-screensaver. om) Lastly, internet also plays as an important part for P1 as play strategy, customers can make registration and bill payments are P1 official website. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) 4. 4 Promotion P1 has paid more attention to brand image promotion, and there are variety of promotions provided by P1 to attract more customers that involved P1 likes to attend different kinds of industrial exhibitions, seminars and summits, and make speeches to promote P1’s brand (wwwen. zte. com. cn, 2010). Besides that, P1 had also promoted their services through advertisement. It features with three conventional forms of media which are television, newspaper, and radio. 4. 5 People Externally, P1 recruit resellers to promote and persuade customer to subscribe P1 Wimax internet connection services. Customer can find P1 WiMAX reseller easily as long as they are under P1 services coverage (www. p1. com. my, 2010). Internally, P1 hire formal receptionist to serve customers at their headquarter-PacketHub reception. Moreover, P1 also hires operators for customer care line to serve call in when customer encounter problems or need advance information. The operation hours of P1 Customer Care Line starting from 8a. m to 11p. m, it also available on public holidays. (www. p1. com. my, 2010) 4. 6 Process P1 payment can make by online bill payment, auto debit, cheque payment and phone-in payment. Online bill payment allows customers to pay online by using Visa/MasterCard, Banks Savings and Current Account. Customer also can use Auto Debit/Auto pay system to do payment, it is an automatically system that will deduct customer bank savings or current account on a fixed schedule. It is for sure that customers can use cheque payment method to pay for their bill; this is the very common way to make payment. Moreover, there is an option for customer to pay by phone-in payment, but only for MBF credit card holder and Visa/Master card holder (www. p1. com. my, 2010). 4. 7 Physical Evidence 4. 7. 1 Official Website P1’s official website is well design; it is eye catching, multifunctional and easy to use. It contains of information, announcement, online speed meter check, online payment, coverage check, online feedback and so on (www. p1. com. my, 2010). 4. 7. 2 Packaging Packaging boxes of P1 W1WAX are made by high quality carton; this is to ensure that it can physically protect the product inside, preventing any damages from unexpected event. Moreover, the packaging itself are well design and nicely labeled, this is to attract and to relay information to customers. A well made design of packaging can be a tool to influence customer’s perception in term of quality of the product, indirectly persuade customer to choose P1 WiMAX internet connection service from other competitors. [pic] Picture 1 Packaging of P1 WiMAX Modem 5. 0 S. W. O. T of P1 wimax Strengths: |Weakness: | |First mover and market leader |Low Coverage | |Strong brand image |Erratic connection, weak connection signal | |Ease of use, affordable 4G technology | | |Partnering with government | | |Support from parent company | | |Opportunity: |Threats: | |Consumer preferences for internet access service |Threaten from Redtone | |Technological advancement |Preference for wired broa dband and free wireless services | |States going wireless |Intense competition | 1. Strengths: 5. 1. First mover and Market leader P1 is Malaysia’s first and leading Wimax telecommunications company with the country’s widest Wimax network. The company gains the first mover advantages. It obtains control of resources that followers may not be able to match. P1 also formed a partnership with Sunway Group and completed deployment of the first phase of the [email  protected] project, providing wireless broadband Internet access to more than 80 percent of home and business users and over 2 million visitors to the group’s flagship township, making Bandar Sunway the first integrated Wi-Fi/WiMAX wireless township in Malaysia. (www. p1. com. my, 2009) 2. Partnering with Government Moreover, P1 was chosen by the local government, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), and regulator, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), to set up the Wi-Fi/WiMAX (Wi-Fi mesh) Kuala Lumpur Wireless Metropolitan Project ([email  protected]), deploying over 1,500 hotspots and currently serving more than 130,000 users with free wireless broadband Internet access in Kuala Lumpur. (www. p1. com. my, 2009) It helps to create a strong brand image to P1 Wimax. P1 has established relationships with various local governments and communities to attract more new customers. 3. Ease of use, affordable 4G Technology Besides that, the ease-of-use offered by current modems, with true plug-and-play compatibility for typical users and greater flexibility for more advanced users (such as online gamers and heavy downloaders) to get the connection configuration freedom that they need truly satisfy the customer. P1 Wimax requires no configuration, no software installation (for desktop modems), no additional lines—just plug-and-play operation (www. p1. com. my, 2010). The price of the plan and packages for customer are also affordable. 4. Support from parent company P1 is a subsidiary company of Green Packet, a technology company from Silicon Valley, and gets its technology and designs from Green Packet. With the help of Green Packet, it brings the future to present by offering one? stop cost effective data, voice, video and other value added services for all communication needs. The technology can transfer or sharing between each other. 1. Weakness: 5. 2. 1 Low Coverage P1 W1MAX Wiggy signal coverage still not wide enough, there is only 35% population coverage by the end of 2009. 9As P1 Wimax service is still relatively new and in the process of being fully implemented, coverage is still not optimal especially in East Malaysia. However, P1 has a new marketing strategy out. Instead of planning where to â€Å"P1 W1MAX† enable, they are asking their users to vote for the next â€Å"P1 W1MAX† coverage areas. P1 hoping to reach 45% population coverage by the end of 2010, and 65% population coverage by the end of 2012 in Malaysia. (www. p1. com. my) 5. 2. 2 Erratic connection, weak connection signal The signal of the connection show a little erratic when the user wasn’t exactly in the coverage area. Beside that, depending on the location of the P1 tower, the connection also varied from various parts of the house and performed best when the modem was placed close to the windows. On the other hand, the P1 modem may not work if you are using a work laptop where you do not have permission to install applications. This is because the P1 modem will actually install a little application in your laptop or computer to enable it to connect so you will have to ensure that your computer allows installation of applications. Based on these weaknesses, the P1 Company has created an opportunity to their competition to move in; they still need to do a lot of improvement to increase its performance and quality. 2. Opportunity: 5. 3. Consumer preferences for internet access service Information technology (IT) and advanced communications are playing an increasing role in national productivity growth, the creation of new network-based activities, and improving education and living standards. Frequen cy of Internet activity – â€Å"many times a week† Activity All Dial-up High-speed Email & instant messaging 71. 4 68. 5 79. 7 Search engines & purchase products 37. 8 29. 5 60. 8 Play games & gamble 21. 0 17. 7 30. 8 Share music file or photos 10. 1 6. 19. 5 Banking, trading stocks, or bill payment 9. 8 7. 4 16. 5 Download movies to view on PC 1. 0 0. 9 1. 3 Note. Cells are percent of respondents using the activity â€Å"many times a week. †(Table taken from Telecommunications Research Group, University of Colorado) The table above shows Internet activity for the most extremes responses. The boom of e-business and m-commerce, doing things such as paying bills online and being on the go creates an opportunity for P1 as the trend is to utilize and makes the best of all the time you have. This is due to the increasing preference for full mobility, doing things on the go and online connectivity. [pic] The table above shows that the internet users and broadband internet users had been increase. By the end of June 2008, there were 1. 718mn broadband subscribers in the market, and our estimate of seeing just over 2mn by the end of the year is expected to be achieved, led by demand for wireless broadband. (Malaysia Telecommunications Report, 2009) This trend is expected to continue, particularly given that the country reported the deployment of its first WiMAX services in the third quarter of this year. We are forecasting around 7mn broadband subscribers by 2013, representative of a penetration rate of 24%. The increase of broadband users is also a sign that the market would be ready for P1 Wimax if the service and promotion are implemented successfully. 2. States going wireless [email  protected], is a state government initiative engaging the WiMAX-based P1 wireless Internet service. P1’s part of the project is actually named [email  protected], a subset of the larger initiative, to deliver broadband Internet connectivity to areas with high numbers of tourists, as well as densely-populated locations, making Penang one of the first cities in the world offering full WiMAX connectivity. (www. p1. com. my, 2009) This provides an opportunities as P1 may take advantages of this need and be the most widely used, known or eve sole provider in the state. This will put them ahead of their competition as well as help to establish credibility and reputation. 3. Technological advancement MIMOS, the premier applied research centre in frontier technologies, today announced that its WiWi Technology Platform – the world’s first hybrid WiFi and WiMAX solution which operates on 2. 3 GHz frequency designed as an alternative for last mile broadband connectivity to accelerate Malaysia’s broadband ecosystem – is ready for nationwide commercialisation. (www. mimos. my, 2009) The new MIMOS WiWi allows for better penetration into the broadband market such as being able to reach rural areas where pulling cables are more costly, time consuming and inefficient option. If P1 is able to build a strong brand image, excellent reputation and services, it will be able to capture the lion’s share of the market. 3. Threats: 5. 4. 1 Threaten from Redtone Redtone, using base stations and CPE equipment from Motorola, has launched the first commercial WiMAX service in East Malaysia. (www. telecoms. com, 2010)The first phase of the WiMAX network covers the Kota Kinabalu business district. With Redtone heavily investing and focusing in East Malaysia, Redtone has managed to establish themselves and build credibility there. This creates an obstacle for P1 whose objectives is to be the leader in the wireless broadband industry. P1 will find it much harder to penetrate that market without heavy investment in promotions and improving their services or Redtone’s service deteriorates. 2. Preference for wired broadband and free wireless services As wireless broadband is still not very advanced, it tends to be either more unstable or does not have extensive coverage. As such, people may not want to pay for wireless broadband when options such as wired internet in the office or home are available. Free Wi-Fi services are also available to cater for the increasing preference for full mobility in many places such as F&B outlets such as Starbucks, McDonalds, Secret Recipe, Old Town cafes, Papa Rich and so on. 3. Intense competition P1 Wimax operates in the highly competitive and rapidly evolving technology industry. Rapid changes in the technology have resulted in the frequent introduction of new products with competitive prices, features, and performance characteristics. Some of the competitors of the company include fixed line (TMNet Streamyx), and cellular providers through their HSDPA/HSUPA (Celcom, Digi, Maxis). With telecoms lying new technologies from time to time (towards LTE) and TMNet starting High-speed (using fiber) broadband next year in metro areas of Klang Valley. Moreover, P1 only offers 2 portable Wimax packages, the Wiggy and the Wiggy 69. Each package is placed on two extreme ends, one with a very low speed and the other with a significantly higher but also higher price tag. (www. p1. com. my, 2009) There is currently no package catering to the in between market—those who do not mind paying a bit more and getting a slightly higher speed than that offered by Wiggy69. Aside from that, the competitor offers a much wider range of packages and some even cater to the â€Å"in between† market. This creates a threat to the P1 also. 6. Marketing Objectives and Strategies: 6. 1 Marketing Objectives a) To increase to 20% P1 WiMAX subscriber in one year. b) To increase 30% of P1 WiMAX awareness among the targeted audience in one year. 7. Marketing Strategies: Ansoft Matrix Market Penetration: price, promotion |Product Development: product | |- special price packages |-R&D in service stability | |- inducing trial use |-packaging of the product | |Market Development-promotion, place |Diversification-distribution: pro duct | |- Increase service availability in F&B outlet |-come out with mobile telecommunication service. |- Increase coverage | | |- Mailing campaign | | 7. 1 Market Penetration: Price †¢ Special price packages-student packages Communicating the benefits to the end-consumer of a product often needs a â€Å"sweetener† to entice the consumer to change their provider or sign up for the first time with a new provider. Adding value and an incentive to purchase to the end-consumer is the main point. The student market for broadband is significant and forms the key demographic of the target market. According to the research that done by P1, the customer â€Å"Top Five Wish List† are: 1. Coverage 2. Embedded devices with attractive bundling and add-on options 3. Higher data cap 4. More affordable portable offerings 5. Direct subscription sign-up online (already addressed by P1 Direct) With student sometimes paying up RM 26. 000 per year on higher tertiary education fees, a mobile internet service that is fast, reliable, portable and most of all, affordable is most attractive. As an incentive for students to sign up to P1 Wimax, an exclusive package deal for â€Å"student only† would include 12-month short-term contract, an improved download speed of up to 10mps, the last month of the 12 month contract would be free-of-charge, premium on offers which include pendrives, mouse pad all bearing the P1 Wimax logo and so on. The design of shorter term contract would be more appealing to students as many students live in a dynamic environment and value their freedom of choice. By making the 12-month contract more attractive the student’s interest will be garnered. Besides that, P1 also can conduct an on campus advertising. On campus advertising is a marketing and media services company specializing in targeting college students on campuses. The concept of advertise in campus is less expensive and can attract more student in the package which are only deal with student. Additionally, the campus media such like campus radio station and website can get the ads get played in order to increase its brand awareness. †¢ Inducing trial use The consumers could be influential in inducing trial use of a new product or service. Companies now allow clients and potential customers to try products and services on a trial basis before purchasing or signing up. By offering a trial offers, it acts as an incentive for prospective consumers, potentially influencing their decision to sign a contract with the company and encourage users of another brand to switch. This method is used in order to demonstrate and promote the stability and speed of P1Wimax. Once the users get a feel of the Wimax technology P1 provides, they will be more easily convinced to make a purchase if they are able to experience a product or service first hand as they will make the judgement on their own. 7. 2 Market Development: promotion, place †¢ Increase Services availability in F&B outlets F&B outlets such as Starbucks and Old Town are selected as it is not only a hang out place but a place where those who wish to surf the net can do so in comfort as food and beverages are served there. It is more convenient than using the cyber cafe and it is also provides a change of atmosphere from surfing the net at home the office or in an educational institution. The F&B franchises are chosen as many people patronize the outlets not only for the food and drinks served but also for the ambience, WiFi services and price. Furthermore, the distribution of these outlets is wide and easily to find. Thus the name and device will always be easily seen, building awareness, reminding the public and creating interest in the Wiggy portable USB modem service. †¢ Increase Coverage In order to increase distribution and availability, P1 could establish relationships with various state governments and communities. Because of the successful partnering with Penang government, the company now can engage the WIMAX-based P1 wireless internet service with other state government. This partnership project not only can increase the brand awareness, but also boost economic capabilities and social education opportunities so that the state can leapfrog the development and growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a whole. †¢ Mailing Campaign It’s important to promote the brand awareness and reputation. This is especially true when economic times are challenging, you’ve got news to announce, or you’re simply hungry for growth. Many forms of promotion are available to the modern designer – with banner ads and Google AdWords among the most popular. In this digital age, it’s easy for web and graphic designers to overlook one of the most effective and fun forms of promotion: the mail campaign. Direct marketing provides with a way to conduct a test of this market relatively quickly, at a reasonable cost, and with convincing certitude. Direct mail can happen fast. With a modest campaign to a known target audience, P1 can acquire a mailing list; develop mailing materials (including direct-mail letter, flier, reply card and so on), launch a mailing and start to receive results in just a few months. This is faster than the typical advertising campaign–and a lot faster than waiting for the phone to ring. Additionally, P1 can test different appeals, called â€Å"offers† in the trade, to reveal the most potent message through direct mail. By making a different offer to randomly different portions of mailing list, P1 can see which offer pulls best. Go with the best puller until find a better draw. As P1 try different offers and different letters, they will find one does better than another. Use the better one, and then try to beat that in the next mailing. Eventually, P1 could get better and better response rates. The mailing campaigns are potent to generate immediate response for advertisers and are also easy to track performance of campaigns. Moreover, P1 can take entrepreneurial achievements far beyond their competitors if they use this campaign correctly. 7. 3 Product Development: product †¢ R&D in service stability Stability is one of the stimuli that create customer retention in telecommunication industry, and it can be one of the most attractive unique selling point attracts more potential customer to subscribe P1 WiMAX internet services. So, R&D on current P1 WiMAX and come out with a more stable service rather than just emphasizing on speed improvement can draw numerous of potential customer from other competitors. More stability, in customer’s mind, means more reliability. †¢ Packaging of the product The modem of P1 is a little big compare to other competitors, it maybe not convenience for whom which are bring along and travel around. In order to attract more customers, the design and the package of the modem should be more stylish and portable. For example, with the environment now furnished with modern, a broadband also can be designed as a necklace which is easy to take and keep. Moreover, it also can be a decoration for girls. 7. 4 Diversification-distribution: product †¢ Come out with mobile telecommunication service P1 can diversify their service into mobile telecommunication service. This is a new, challenging and profitability market for P1 to diversify into it. Although P1 have to bear a high risk for press ahead towards mobile telecommunication service industry since there are already three major players which is Celcom, Maxis and Digi had dominated most of the market shares. However, as every person has to had one mobile phone in this 21th century, mobile telecommunication service is an enormous, long lasting and highly profitability industry to target. In order to penetrate this new market segment, P1 could establish a partnership with Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications is chosen because it’s a global provider of mobile multimedia devices. It is famous and well known. A good relationship with right company can become an essential pull factor for P1 development. 8. 0 Target market and Positioning 8. 1 Target market These new implementation plans targets people who live in urban areas. Whereas Mobile telecommunication service are targeting students who are currently using P1 services 8. 2 Positioning As to coordinate with the new implementation plans P1 should position themselves as an affordable, reliable, and fastest wireless broadband network. For mobile telecommunication service, P1 should position themselves as affordable, reliable and emphasis on joyfulness to communicate with friends and families. ———————– Threat of New Entry: 1. Require enormous capital to enter 2. Telecom License 3. High advertising cost 4. ([email  protected] · A – > ? L M T V W l 2 K L cI µÃ‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Y ¦?  ¦Y ¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¦S‚~‚u‚Sn‚~‚e‚n ¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ]‘V‚ hCk9hoâ€Å"hCk9ho|w5? hCk9hy^A0J hCk9hy^AhCk9hyWe0Jh? sjh? sU[pic] hCk9hyWe hCk9huo% hCk9h? a hCk9h? hCk9hshCk9hy^A5? 0hCk9hOyk5? B*[pic]CJOJQJaJmHphsH0Skill human resources capital 5. High exit barrier Competitive rivalry: 1. More than 10 ISP 2. New carriers lead to price war 3. Advertising war 4. High customer churn rate Supplier Power: 1. Moderate number of suppliers 2. Able to change Buyer Power: 1. Many Suppliers 2. Seeking for lowest prices but have better services 3. Low switching cost Threat of substitution: 1. High substitution threats from non-traditional telecom industries’ product and services.